One of the basic premises of the e-krona pilot has been that the e-krona shall serve as a further payment option to contribute robustness and increased preparedness. In line with this, in the fourth stage of the project, the Riksbank has tested a balance-based offline solution for an e-krona, which can strengthen the reliability of the payments system even in the event of internet connection interruptions. The solution means that payments made without an internet connection are recorded locally and the balance is updated. The payment is then made when the system is online.

Security risks with offline payments can be addressed with technical solutions such as digital certificates and regular synchronisation. Restrictions can be put in place to increase security, but they require clear communication to users. The conclusion is that, with the right regulatory framework and security measures, a secure, fit-for-purpose and user-friendly offline e-krona solution can be developed.